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Architecture is that specific area of study and work, which deals with design, plan of buildings and structures. Architects belong to a profession where dreams and sweat are blended with material to erect milestones of human civilization and prosperity. In our country there is an enormous demand for trained architects who can cope with the challenges and requirements of the rapidly developing society. It is quite obvious that in fast changing societies the demand of rapid change often conflicts with traditional values. The training of an Architects provides meaningful resolutions to such conflicts, through processes of learning and doing. The work of Architect is to develop and improve the quality of design and construction, which are simultaneously environmentally appropriate.
Architects training and work make it a distinctive and a very creative field. Architects spend years learning how to translate their client'’ ideas into a really workable solution. They are trained basically to organize space and with space at a premium now-a-days the skills of an expert architect are usually worth every rupee of his fees. Architects know all the technical requirements of a building and assume responsibility for the plumbing, electrical, air conditioning and complex engineering details of a home. They are trained to understand the demands made on a building structure by climate and location. They also know their way around the rigmarole of our building laws and regulation.
In designing homes people often stress decoratives over functional design. Clients approach architects with some idea of what they want their home to look like, but with little knowledge of whether their idea will work. A good architect strikes a healthy balance between aesthetics and functionality.
B.Arch is a 5-year course after +2. A student who has studied Physics, Mathematics and Chemistry can apply for admission to a college Architecture, Engineering Drawing is a useful subject for prospective architects. Most architecture department/schools select students through a written test. The post graduate course is generally for 18 months to 2 years.
Entrance Test for B. Arch. Courses - The Council of Architecture conducts an aptitude test on an All India basis for colleges of Architecture private and government. Departments of Architecture in Engineering colleges select students on the basis of the results of the entrance examination common to engineering courses. There generally is a section on aptitude for architecture. Other renowned institutions have special selection tests to identify suitable candidates.
Some colleges base their selection on class 12 marks and also conduct an entrance examination. Some colleges would like to judge artistic ability. The Indian Institute of Technology, selects candidates through Joint Entrance Examination (JEE). The leading architectural institutions in the country are at New Delhi and Ahmedabad. They give a 30% weightage to class 12 exams and the rest to the entrance examination. All colleges of architecture in the country only consider science students for admission to the course.
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Keen intelligence and many of the aptitudes and interests found in businessman, creative artists and scientists should be present in an aspirant for this field. They should be aware of and should appreciate the social and environmental factors that affect the use of the buildings they design. Imagination and observation are assets for the architect, which add dynamism of his professional skills. Self-discipline and authority are necessary in order to put across ideas, make decisions and influence people. Architects deal with all types of people from a variety of backgrounds. They should be able to conduct themselves executive like during business transactions. Mathematics ability is required for working out design problems and building economics and costs. The work often involves dealing with legal documents or procedures, so architects must be able to understand complicated legal language related to the profession. On the site, workers need physical stamina and supervisory skills. Responsibility and accountability are also expected.
Special aptitudes
Ability to sketch – Though not of utmost importance, it is always beneficial for architects to sketch a free hand plan while explaining to the client on seeing the site and having visualized the structure with every intricate detail. Basically after formulating the plan, the architect has to sell it to clients. Leadership and ability to work with others is very important. Clients may reject or want some minor changes even when the final design has been approved. Flexibility and patience are required. Working in architectural organizations during summer vacation may be very beneficial.
Hardwork and perseverance – Young architects may have to burn the mid-night oil; but hardwork, determination and perseverance are the key words along with organizational abilities, communication skills, technical competence, keen sense of observation, appreciation of colours, proportions and building materials. Of course the most important quality still remains: making client’s visualize your vision through sketches and drawings.
Creative and aesthetic – Architects are hard working determined, idealistic, emotional, creative, imaginative, original, practical, analytical, business like and methodical. They rate aesthetic qualities and beauty very highly and their dream is availability of a free environment where they can watch their dream developing into reality.
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Employment
Avenues
Architects work with Architectural firms, in entrepreneurial ventures and with
Government. Here are some details.
Government
organizations
There are various governmental and autonomous organization associated with the
construction industry which offer jobs to persons trained in construction
management and Architecture. The work of some of them have been discussed in the
following paragraphs:
Architects in urban development - Urban Development is the responsibility of the State. The Central Government performs an advisory and coordinating role besides providing technical and financial assistance. The Ministry of Urban Development is responsible for construction and maintenance of the Central government building, residential accommodation for Central government employees, and for the management of Central Government land and property. Ministry formulates the policies with respect to housing, urban development and urban water supply etc. The Ministry has four attached and four subordinate offices, three public sector undertakings and four statutory or autonomous bodies under its administrative control.
Central Public Works Department - Central Public Works Department is responsible for a wide range of works including selection of site, planning, designing, execution and monitoring, quality control and maintenance etc. It handles a wide range of projects such as housing and commercial complexes, educational institutions, sports complexes, hospitals, factories, hostels, airports, roads, bridges etc. It has developed considerable expertise in the fields of Civil, Electrical, Mechanical and Air-conditioning Engineering, Architecture, Horticulture and Landscaping etc. CPWD employs qualified engineers and architects. It has a Central Design Organization to undertake complex structural design work and also to provide consultancy services. CPWD has units all over India to take up construction works even in remote parts of the country. The department also undertakes assignments abroad for Indian aided projects, Hence, the CPWD is the principal agency of the Government of India for construction and maintenance of all Central Government projects.
National Building Organization - The National Building Organization is under the administrative control of Ministry of Urban Development to promote research in building and housing. It integrates all incoming technological findings in the field of the low cost housing technology and their application in the field towards low cost construction and improved building quality in India. It is based at New Delhi.
Town and Country Planning Organization - The Town and Country Planning Organization is the apex technical advisory body on matters relating to Urban and regional planning strategies, research, monitoring and evaluation of Central Government Schemes. It is based at New Delhi.
Housing and Urban Development Corporation - HUDCO is an apex housing body in the Public Sector with the objectives of providing long term finance for construction of houses, setting up of new or satellite towns, financing or undertaking the setting up of building material industries etc. HUDCO has developed low cost building technologies and introduced use of waste material for construction purposes. It is based at New Delhi.
National Building Construction Corporation Ltd. - The National Building Construction Corporation Ltd., with its office in New Delhi, is engaged in the execution of a wide variety of civil construction contracts, e.g. roads, bridges, flyovers, industrial structures, water treatment plants, T. V. Towers, housing, hospitals, hotel and other commercial complexes etc. in India and abroad. The Corporation also undertakes jobs on turn key basis and provide consultancy services too.
Hindustan Prefeb Limited - The company, based at New Delhi, looks after the manufacturing of pre-stressed cement concrete poles, water storage tanks as well as site construction works.
City Development Authorities - The DDA was set up in 1957 for planned development of the Union Territory of Delhi. Similarly, at the state level and District level several agencies and societies are involved in various construction activities. Haryana Development Authority, Ghaziabad Development Authority, Meerut Development Authority etc. are working on the lines of DDA to develop their respective areas.
National Institute of Urban Affairs - The National Institute of Urban Affairs, New Delhi, is an autonomous organization for conducting research in urban development and administration. It has been responsible for collecting, processing and disseminating information in this regard. The Institute regularly interacts with national and international agencies.
Besides these organizations, various other institutes and agencies are responsible for construction work as well as manufacturing the raw material needed for construction need architects. At state level Public Works Departments are functioning on the lines of CPWD. State Housing Boards, Municipal Corporations, Cooperative Societies, Private Builders are functioning in this area at State and District level. A number of research institutes such as Central Building Research Institute, Central Road Research Institute are involved in research and development in the field. Researches are conducted to invent new methods and techniques of construction so that the cost of construction may be minimized. Researches are also conducted to invent new equipments and good quality construction material.
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